Skip to main content
Skip to article control options
No AccessSurvey Paper

Survey of Blunt-Body Supersonic Dynamic Stability

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A33552
Free first page

References

  • [1] Allen J. H., “Motion of a Ballistic Missile Angularly Misaligned with the Flight Path Upon Entering the Atmosphere and Its Effect Upon Aerodynamic Heating, Aerodynamic Loads, and Miss Distance,” NACA TN-4048, 1957. Google Scholar

  • [2] Tobak M. and Allen J. H., “Dynamic Stability of Vehicles Traversing Ascending or Descending Paths Through the Atmosphere,” NACA TN-4275, 1958. Google Scholar

  • [3] Bird J. D., “Stability of Ballistic Reentry Bodies,” NACA RM L-58, 1958. Google Scholar

  • [4] Fletcher H. S., “Damping in Pitch and Static Stability of a Group of Blunt Bodies from M=0.6 to 0.95,” NASA TM X-194, 1959. Google Scholar

  • [5] Fletcher H. S. and Wolhart W. D., “Damping in Pitch and Static Stability of Supersonic Impact Nose Cones, Short Blunt Subsonic Impact Nose Cones, and Manned Reentry Capsules at Mach Numbers from 1.93 to 3.05,” NASA TM X-347, 1960. Google Scholar

  • [6] Short B. J. and Sommer S. C., “Some Measurements of the Dynamic and Static Stability of Two Blunt-Nosed, Low-Fineness-Ratio Bodies of Revolution in Free Flight at M=4,” NASA TM X-20, 1959. Google Scholar

  • [7] Buell D. A. and Johnson N. S., “An Experimental and Analytical Investigation of the Dynamics of Two Blunt Bodies at Subsonic Speeds,” NASA TM X-18, 1959. Google Scholar

  • [8] Beam B. H. and Hedstrom E. C., “Damping in Pitch of Bluff Bodies of Revolution at Mach Numbers from 2.5 to 3.5,” NASA TM X-90, 1959. Google Scholar

  • [9] Wehrend W. R. and Reese D. E., “Wind-Tunnel Tests of the Static and Dynamic Stability Characteristics of Four Ballistic Reentry Bodies,” NASA TM X-369, 1960. Google Scholar

  • [10] Tunnell P. J., “The Static and Dynamic Stability Derivatives of a Blunt Half-Cone Entry Configuration at Mach Numbers from 0.7 to 3.5,” NASA TM X-577, 1961. Google Scholar

  • [11] Igoe W. B. and Hillje E. R., “Transonic Dynamic Stability Characteristics of Several Models of Project Mercury Capsule Configurations,” NASA TM X-554, 1961. Google Scholar

  • [12] Wehrend W. R., “An Experimental Evaluation of Aerodynamic Damping Moments of Cones with Different Centers of Rotation,” NASA TN D-1768, 1963. Google Scholar

  • [13] Baillion M., “Blunt Bodies Dynamic Derivatives,” Capsule Aerothermodynamics, NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Rept. AGARD-R-808, 1997, http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA326819. Google Scholar

  • [14] Dayman B., Brayshaw J. M., Nelson D. A., Jaffe P. and Babineaux T. L., “The Influence of Shape on Aerodynamic Damping of Oscillatory Motion During Mars Atmosphere Entry and Measurement of Pitch Damping at Large Oscillation Amplitudes,” Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology TR 32-380, Pasadena, CA,1963. Google Scholar

  • [15] Schoenenberger M. and Queen E. M., “Limit Cycle Analysis Applied to the Oscillations of Decelerating Blunt-Body Entry Vehicles,” NATO Research and Technology Organization RTO-MP-AVT-152, 2008, http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080018707.pdf. Google Scholar

  • [16] Wright B. R. and Kilgore R. A., “Aerodynamic Damping and Oscillatory Stability in Pitch and Yaw of Gemini Configurations at Mach Numbers from 0.5 to 4.63,” NASA TN D-3334, 1966. Google Scholar

  • [17] Tobak M. and Peterson V. L., “Theory of Tumbling Bodies Entering Planetary Atmospheres with Application to Probe Vehicles,” NASA TR R-203, 1964. Google Scholar

  • [18] Jaremenko I. M., “Wakes Their Structure and Influence upon Aerodynamic Decelerators,” NASA CR-74, 1967. Google Scholar

  • [19] Brown C. A. and Campbell J. F., “Experimental Wake Survey Behind Viking ‘75 Entry Vehicle at Angles of Attack of 0° and 5°, Mach Numbers from 1.60 to 3.95, and Longitudinal Stations from 1.0 to 8.39 Body Diameters,” NASA TM X-2312, 1971. Google Scholar

  • [20] Owens D. B. and Aubuchon V. V., “Overview of Orion Crew Module and Launch Abort Vehicle Dynamic Stability,” AIAA Paper  2011-3504, 2011. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [21] Schueler C. J., Ward L. K. and Hodapp A. E. J., “Techniques for Measurement of Dynamic Stability Derivatives in Ground Test Facilities,” AGARDograph 121, NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 1967, http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0669227. Google Scholar

  • [22] Moseley W. C., Moore R. J. and Hughes J. E., “Stability Characteristics of the Apollo Command Module,” NASA TN D-3890, 1967. Google Scholar

  • [23] Whitlock C. H. and Siemers P. M., “Parameters Influencing Dynamic Stability Characteristics of Viking-Type Entry Configurations at Mach 1.76,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 9, No. 7, July 1972, pp. 558–560. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61741 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [24] Steinberg S., Uselton B. L. and Siemers P. M., “Viking Configuration Pitch Damping Derivatives as Influenced by Support Interference and Test Technique at Transonic and Supersonic Speeds,” AIAA Paper  1972-1012, Sept. 1972. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [25] Reding J. P. and Ericsson L. E., “Dynamic Support Interference,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rocket, Vol. 9, No. 7, July 1972, pp. 547–553. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61738 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [26] Uselton B. L. and Cyran F. B., “Sting Interference Effects as Dynamic Stability Derivatives, Surface Pressure, and Base Pressure for Mach Numbers 2 Through 8,” Arnold Engineering Development Complex TR-79-89, 1980, http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA091115. Google Scholar

  • [27] Dayman B., “Optical Studies of Free-Flight Wakes,” Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology TR-32-364, Pasadena, CA, Nov. 1962. Google Scholar

  • [28] Ericsson L. E. and Reding J. P., “Aerodynamic Effects of Bulbous Bases,” NASA CR-1339, Aug. 1969. Google Scholar

  • [29] Owen A. K. and Owen F. K., “Magnetic Suspension and Balance Testing in Support of Hyper-X,” AIAA Paper  2003-6958, Dec. 2003. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [30] Britcher C. P. and Johnson D., “Feasibility of Dynamic Stability Measurements of Planetary Entry Capsules Using a Magnetic Suspension and Balance System,” AIAA Paper  2016-4162, June 2016. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [31] Oshima R., Sawada H. and Obayashi S., “A Development of a Dynamic Wind Tunnel Test Technique by Using a Magnetic Suspension and Balance System,” AIAA Paper  2016-1541, Jan. 2016. Google Scholar

  • [32] Boom R. W., Eyssa Y. M., McIntosh G. E. and Abdelsalam M. K., “Magnetic Suspension and Balance System Advanced Study,” NASA CR-3937, Oct. 1985. Google Scholar

  • [33] Winchenbach G. L., “Aerodynamic Testing in a Free-Flight Spark Range,” Wright Lab. WL-TR-1997-7006, Eglin AFB, FL, April 1997. CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [34] Chapman G. T. and Yates L. A., “Dynamics of Planetary Probes: Design and Testing Issues,” AIAA Paper  1998-0797, Jan. 1998. Google Scholar

  • [35] East R. A. and Hutt G. R., “Comparison of Predictions and Experimental Data for Hypersonic Pitching Motion Stability,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 25, No. 3, May 1988, pp. 225–233. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25975 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [36] Seiff A., “Secondary Flow-Fields Embedded in Hypersonic Shock Layers,” NASA TN D-1304, May 1962. Google Scholar

  • [37] Seiff A. and Whiting E. E., “Calculation of Flow Fields from Bow-Wave Profiles for the Downstream Region of Blunt-Nosed Circular Cylinders in Axial Hypersonic Flight,” NASA TN D-1147, Nov. 1961. Google Scholar

  • [38] Seiff A. and Whiting E. E., “Correlation of the Bow-Wave Profiles of Blunt Bodies,” NASA TN-D 1148, Feb. 1962. Google Scholar

  • [39] Ericsson L. E., “Unsteady Embedded Newtonian Flow,” Astronautical Acta, Vol. 18, Nov. 1973, pp. 309–330. Google Scholar

  • [40] Ericsson L. E., “Generalized Unsteady Embedded Newtonian Flow,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 12, No. 12, Dec. 1975, pp. 718–726. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27870 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [41] Tong B. G. and Hui W. H., “Unsteady Embedded Newton-Busemann Flow Theory,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 23, No. 2, March 1986, pp. 129–135. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25798 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [42] Murman S. M., “Reduced-Frequency Approach for Calculating Dynamic Derivatives,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 45, No. 6, June 2007, pp. 1161–1168. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.15758 AIAJAH 0001-1452 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [43] Murman S. M. and Aftosmis M. J., “Dynamic Analysis of Atmospheric-Entry Probes and Capsules,” AIAA Paper  2007-0074, Jan. 2007, pp. 1–18. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [44] Murman S. M., “Dynamic Viscous Simulations of Atmospheric-Entry Capsules,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 46, No. 4, Aug. 2009, pp. 829–835 ; also AIAA Paper  2008-6911, 2008. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.41078 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [45] Teramoto S., Fujii K. and Hiraki K., “Numerical Analysis of Dynamic Stability of a Reentry Capsule at Transonic Speeds,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 4, April 2001, pp. 646–653 ; also AIAA Paper  1998-4451, 1998. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/2.1357 AIAJAH 0001-1452 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [46] Stern E. C., Gidzak V. and Chandler G. V., “Estimation of Dynamic Stability Coefficients for Aerodynamic Decelerators Using CFD,” AIAA Paper  2012-3225, June 2012. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [47] Brock J. M., Subbareddy P. K. and Candler G. V., “Detached-Eddy Simulations of Hypersonic Capsule Wake Flow,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2015, pp. 70–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J052771 AIAJAH 0001-1452 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [48] Chandler G. V., Subbareddy P. K. and Brock J. M., “Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods for Hypersonic Flows,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2015, pp. 17–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A33023 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [49] Schwing A. M. and Chandler G. V., “Detached-Eddy Simulation of Capsule Wake Flows and Comparison to Wind-Tunnel Test Data,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2015, pp. 439–449. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32834 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [50] Smith B., Yount B., Venkatapathy E., Wercinski P., Prabhu D. K., Gage P. and Stern E. C., “Progress in Payload Separation Risk Mitigation for a Deployable Venus Heat Shield,” AIAA Paper  2013-1371, March 2013. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [51] Stern E. C., Schwing A. M., Brock J. M. and Schoenenberger M., “Dynamic CFD Simulations of the MEADS II Ballistic Range Test Model,” AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference, AIAA Paper  2016-3243, June 2016. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [52] Brock J. M., Stern E. C. and Wilder M. C., “Dynamic CFD Simulations of the Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (SIAD) Ballistic Range Tests,” 2017 AIAA Scitech Conference (accepted for publication). Google Scholar

  • [53] Ericsson L. E. and Reding J. P., “Reentry Capsule Dynamics,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 8, No. 6, 1971, pp. 579–586. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59696 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [54] Uselton B. L., Shadow T. O. and Mansfield A. C., “Damping in Pitch Derivatives of 120 and 140 Degree Blunted Cones at Mach Numbers of 0.3 Through 3,” Arnold Engineering Development Complex TR 70-49, 1972, http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0868237. Google Scholar

  • [55] Chapman G. T., Hathaway W. H. and Mitcheltree R. A., “Transonic and Low Supersonic Static and Dynamic Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule,” AIAA Paper  1999-1021, Jan. 1999. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [56] Garber T. B., “On the Rotational Motion of a Body Re-Entering the Atmosphere,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 7, July 1959, pp. 443–449. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/8.8133 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [57] Marko W. J., “Dynamic Stability of High-Drag Planetary Entry Vehicles at Transonic Speeds,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 12, Dec. 1969, pp. 1390–1396. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29836 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [58] Slimko E., Winchenbach G. L. and Lipnitsky Y. M., “Transonic Dynamic Stability Investigations of a 45 Degree Sphere Cone with a Hemispherical Afterbody (Mars Microprobe),” Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology TR  JPL-TRS-96-1546, Pasadena, CA, June 1997, http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/27516 [retrieved 2016]. Google Scholar

  • [59] Allen J. H. and Eggers A. J., “A Study of the Motion and Aerodynamic Heating of Missiles Entering the Earth’s Atmosphere at High Supersonic Speeds,” NACA TN 4047, 1957. Google Scholar

  • [60] Ericsson L. E., “Effect of Boundary-Layer Transition on Vehicle Dynamics,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 12, Dec. 1969, pp. 1404–1409. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29838 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [61] Krumins M. V., “Drag and Stability of Mars Probe/Lander Shapes,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 4, No. 8, Aug. 1967, pp. 1052–1057. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29017 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [62] Sammonds R. I., “Transonic Static and Dynamic Stability Characteristics of Two Large Angle Spherically Blunted High Drag Cones,” AIAA Paper  1970-564, May 1970. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [63] Wiley H. G., Kilgore R. A. and Hillje E. R., “Dynamic Directional Stability for a Group of Blunt Reentry Bodies at Transonic Speeds,” NASA TM X-337, 1960. Google Scholar

  • [64] Sommer C. S., Short B. J. and Compton D. L., “Free-Flight Measurements of Static and Dynamic Stability of Models of the Project Mercury Re-Entry Capsule at Mach Numbers 3 and 9.5,” NASA TM X-373, 1960. Google Scholar

  • [65] Mitcheltree R. A., Moss J. N., Cheatwood F. M., Greene F. A. and Braun R. D., “Aerodynamics of the Mars Microprobe Entry Vehicles,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 36, No. 3, June 1999, pp. 392–398; also AIAA Paper  1997-3658, 1997. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3458 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [66] Chapman G. T., Berner C., Hathaway W. H. and Winchenbach G. L., “The Use of Spherical Bases to Eliminate Limit Cycles of Blunt Entry Vehicles,” AIAA Paper  1999-1023, 1999. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [67] Intrieri P. F., “Experimental Stability and Drag of a Pointed and a Blunted 30° Half-Angle Cone at Mach Numbers from 11.5 to 34 in Air,” NASA Rept.  TND-3193, 1966. Google Scholar

  • [68] Schoenenberger M., Yates L. A. and Hathaway W. H., “Dynamic Stability Testing of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry Capsule,” AIAA Paper  2009-3917, 2009. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [69] Smith B., “Oscillation of Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators at Mars,” M.S. Thesis, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 2010. Google Scholar

  • [70] Clark I. G., “Aerodynamic Design, Analysis, and Validation of a Supersonic Inflatable Decelerator,” Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 2009. Google Scholar

  • [71] Ramsey A. L. and Chapman G. T., “A Study of Reynolds Number Effects on Supersonic Flow over Blunt Bodies,” AIAA Paper  2000-1010, 2000. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [72] Hillje E. R. and Pearson A. O., “Transonic Static and Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a Low-Fineness-Ratio, Blunted-Cylinder Reentry Body Having a Converging-Cone Afterbody,” NASA TM X-672, 1966. Google Scholar

  • [73] Wang F. Y., Karatekin O. and Charbonnier J. M., “An Experimental Study of the Flow-Field Around an Apollo Capsule at Low Speed,” AIAA Paper  1998-0319, 1998. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [74] Wang F. Y., Charbonnier J. M., Karatekin O. and Paris S., “The Utilization of Low Speed Facilities in Transonic Stability of Reentry Vehicles Research—An Evaluation,” AIAA Paper  1998-2636, 1998. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [75] Wang F. Y., Charbonnier J. M. and Karatekin O., “Low-Speed Aerodynamics of a Planetary Entry Capsule,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 36, No. 5, Sept. 1999, pp. 659–667. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3498 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [76] Micol J. R., “Simulation of Real-Gas Effects on Pressure Distribution for a Proposed Aeroassist Flight Experiment Vehicle and Comparison with Prediction,” NASA Rept.  TP-3157, April 1992. Google Scholar

  • [77] Jones R. A. and Hunt J. L., “Measured Pressure Distributions on Large Angle Cones in Hypersonic Flows of Tetrafluoromethane, Air and Helium,” NASA TN D-7429, 1974. Google Scholar

  • [78] Spencer D. A., Blanchard R. C., Braun R. D., Kallemeyn P. H. and Thurman S. W., “Mars Pathfinder Entry, Descent, and Landing Reconstruction,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 36, No. 3, 1999, pp. 357–366. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3478 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [79] Prislin R. H. and Jaffe P., “Angle-of-Attack Motion of a Spinning Entry Vehicle,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan. 1969, pp. 93–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29544 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [80] Hiraki K., Inatani Y., Ishii N., Nakajima T. and Hinada M., “Dynamic Stability of Muses-C Capsule,” Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, ISTS, 98-d-33, 1998, pp. 945–950. Google Scholar

  • [81] Abe T., Sato S., Matsukawa Y., Yamamoto K. and Hiraoka K., “Study for Dynamically Unstable Motion of Reentry Capsule,” AIAA Paper 2000-2589, 2000. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [82] Schoenenberger M., “Supersonic Pitch Damping Predictions of Blunt Entry Vehicles from Static CFD Solutions,” AIAA Paper  2013-0356, 2013. LinkGoogle Scholar

  • [83] Kazemba C. D., Braun R. D., Schoenenberger M. and Clark I. G., “Dynamic Stability Analysis of Blunt-Body Entry Vehicles Using Time-Lagged Aftbody Pitching Moments,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2015, pp. 393–403. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32894 JSCRAG 0022-4650 LinkGoogle Scholar