Design of an Infinite-Swept-Wing Glove for In-Flight Discrete-Roughness-Element Experiment
Abstract
The Subsonic Aircraft Roughness Glove Experiment is an in-flight experiment designed to meet the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation project requirements. The goal of the experiment was to demonstrate the discrete-roughness-element technology to delay transition on a swept wing at transport-relevant conditions and subject to crossflow instability. In this paper, a redesign of that experiment is described for a different aircraft (Gulfstream-IIB), meeting the same requirements, but using a new methodology that promotes infinite-swept-wing flow on the glove test article. The new glove has the designation TAMU-0706. Increasing the demonstrated capabilities of both natural laminar flow and discrete roughness elements is a large step toward practical laminar flow on transport aircraft. Moreover, the infinite-swept-wing flow methodology not only increases the effective test region of the wing glove, but is well adapted for code-validation studies of discrete roughness element and other laminar-flow-control technologies.
References
[1] , “Environmentally Responsible Aviation—Real Solutions for Environmental Challenges Facing Aviation,” 27th International Congress of Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS Paper 2010-1.6.1, Sept. 2010.
[2] , “Fuel Efficiencies Through Airframe Improvements,” AIAA Paper 2011-3530, June 2011.
[3] , “Design of a Swept-Wing Laminar Flow Control Flight Experiment for Transonic Aircraft,” AIAA Paper 2010-4381, July 2010.
[4] , “Design of the Subsonic Aircraft Roughness Glove Experiment (SARGE),” AIAA Paper 2011-3524, June 2011.
[5] , “A Transonic Laminar-Flow Wing Glove Flight Experiment: Overview and Design Optimization,” AIAA Paper 2012-2667, June 2012.
[6] , “Computational Optimization of a Natural Laminar Flow Experimental Wing Glove,” AIAA Paper 2012-0870, Jan. 2012.
[7] , “A Transonic Laminar-Flow Wing Glove Flight Experiment: Computational Evaluation and Linear Stability,” AIAA Paper 2012-2668, June 2012; also “Computational Evaluation and Linear Stability of a Transonic Laminar-Flow Wing Glove,” Journal of Aircraft (submitted for publication).
[8] , “Computational Analysis of the G-III Laminar Flow Glove,” AIAA Paper 2011-3525, June 2011.
[9] , “Nonlinear Stability and Transition in 3-D Boundary Layers,” Meccanica, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1998, pp. 469–487. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004368526215 MECCB9 0025-6455
[10] , “Roughness Receptivity in Swept-Wing Boundary Layers: Experiments,” International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation, Vol. 2, Nos. 1–2, 2010, pp. 128–138.
[11] , “Passive Control of Transition with Roughness in Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 369, No. 1940, April 2011, pp. 1352–1364. PTRMAD 1364-503X
[12] , “Roughness Receptivity in Swept-Wing Boundary Layers—Computations,” International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation, Vol. 2, Nos. 1–2, March 2010, pp. 139–148.
[13] , “Toward Practical Laminar Flow Control—Remaining Challenges,” AIAA Paper 2004-2311, July 2004.
[14] “Flight Testing of Laminar Flow Control in High-Speed Boundary Layers,” Saric, Reed, Banks, NATO-RTO-MP-AVT-111, Prague, Oct. 2004.
[15] , “A Flight Test Technique for Precise Angle-of-Attack Measurements with Application to Laminar Flow Control Flight Research,” AIAA Paper 2014-1117, Jan. 2014; also Journal of Aircraft (submitted for publication). JAIRAM 0021-8669
[16] , “Laminar Flow Control Flight Experiment Design and Execution,” AIAA Paper 2014-0909, Jan. 2014; also Journal of Aircraft, 2014. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0909. JAIRAM 0021-8669
[17] , “Disturbance Growth in an Unstable Three-Dimensional Boundary Layer and Its Dependence on Environmental Conditions,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 316, June 1996, pp. 73–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112096000456 JFLSA7 0022-1120
[18] , “Direct Numerical Simulation of Discrete Roughness on a Swept Wing Leading Edge,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 48, No. 11, 2010, pp. 2660–2673. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J050548 AIAJAH 0001-1452
[19] , “Boundary-Layer Receptivity of Three-Dimensional Roughness Arrays on a Swept-Wing,” AIAA Paper 2011-3881, June 2011.
[20] , “Flight Experiments on the Effects of Step Excrescences on Swept-Wing Transition,” International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation (to be published).
[21] , “Effects of Step and Gap Excrescences on a Swept Wing in a Low-Disturbance Wind Tunnel,” AIAA Paper 2014-0910, Jan. 2014.
[22] , “Computational Investigation of Surface Excrescences on a Laminar Flow Airfoil,” International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation, 2014.
[23] , “Transition in Open Flow Systems—A Reassessment,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Vol. 39, No. 9, 1994, p. 1882. BAPSA6 0003-0503
[24] , “Transition Mechanisms for Transport Aircraft,” AIAA Paper 2008-3743, 2008.
[25] , “Aircraft Laminar Flow Control,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.30.1.1 ARVFA3 0066-4189
[26] , “Görtler Vortices,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 26, No. 11, 1994, pp. 379–409. ARVFA3 0066-4189
[27] , “Attachment-Line Heating in a Compressible Flow,” Journal of Engineering Mathematics, Vol. 84, No. 1, 2014, pp. 99–110. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10665-013-9662-5 JLEMAU 0022-0833
[28] , Laminar Flow Control—Laminarization, AGARD, Rept. No. 654, 1977.
[29] , “Some Observations of the Transition Process on the Windward Face of a Long Yawed Cylinder,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 150, No. 1, 1985, pp. 329–356. JFLSA7 0022-1120
[30] , Boundary-Layer Linear Stability Theory, AGARD, Rept. No. 709, 1984.
[31] , “Linear Stability Theory Applied to Boundary Layers,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 28, Jan. 1996, pp. 389–428. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.28.010196.002133 ARVFA3 0066-4189
[32] , “A Suggested Semi-Empirical Method for the Calculation of the Boundary Layer Transition Region,” Delft Univ. of Technology, Rept. VTH 74, Delft, The Netherlands, 1956.
[33] , “Stability of Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 21, 1989, pp. 235–284. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.21.010189.001315 ARVFA3 0066-4189
[34] , “Stability and Transition of Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2003, pp. 413–440. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161045 ARVFA3 0066-4189
[35] “Type Certificate A12EA Rev. 37,” Federal Aviation Administration, 2011.
[36] , “TranAir: A Full-Potential, Solution-Adaptive, Rectangular Grid Code for Predicting Subsonic, Transonic, and Supersonic Flows About Arbitrary Configurations,” NASA CR-4348, 1992.
[37] , “‘Fundamental’ Parametric Geometry Representations for Aircraft Component Shapes,” AIAA Paper 2006-6948, Sept. 2006.
[38] , “A Universal Parametric Geometry Representation Method—‘CST’,” AIAA Paper 2007-0062, Jan. 2007.