No AccessEngineering Notes

Efficient Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for Coaxial Rotor Simulations in Hover

Jason K. Cornelius

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

*National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow, Aerospace Engineering. Student Member AIAA.

Search for more papers by this author

Sven Schmitz

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

†Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering. Senior Member AIAA.

Search for more papers by this author

and

Michael P. Kinzel

University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816

‡Assistant Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Senior Member AIAA.

Search for more papers by this author

Published Online:27 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C036037

References

[1] Young L. A., “Conceptual Design Aspects of Three General Sub-Classes of Multi-Rotor Configurations: Distributed, Modular, and Heterogenous,” 6th AHS Specialists Meeting on Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems, American Helicopter Soc. Paper 1079, Fairfax, VA, Jan. 2015, https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Young_1079_TN20401_16055_Conceptual_Design_Aspects.pdf. Google Scholar
[2] Russell C., Jung J., Willink G. and Glasner B., “Wind Tunnel and Hover Performance Test Results for Multicopter UAS Vehicles,” 72nd AHS Annual Forum, American Helicopter Soc. Paper 374, Fairfax, VA, May 2016, https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/72-2016-374.pdf. Google Scholar
[3] Gregory D., Cornelius J., Waltermire S., Loob C. and Schatzman N., “Acoustic Testing of Five Multicopter UAS in the U.S. Army 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel,” NASA TM-2018-219894, May 2018, https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Schatzman_TM_2018_219894_Final.pdf. Google Scholar
[4] Barbely N., Komerath N. and Novak L., “A Study of Coaxial Rotor Performance and Flow Field Characteristics,” AHS Technical Meeting on Aeromechanics Design for Vertical Lift, American Helicopter Soc. Paper 11, Fairfax, VA, Jan. 2016, https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/CFD_Design_Framework_Barbely.pdf. Google Scholar
[5] Yoon S., Lee H. and Pulliam T., “Computational Analysis of Multi-Rotor Flows,” AIAA Paper 2016-0812, Jan. 2016. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0812 Link Google Scholar
[6] Yoon S., Lee H. and Pulliam T., “Computational Study of Flow Interactions in Coaxial Rotors,” AHS Technical Meeting on Aeromechanics Design for Vertical Lift, American Helicopter Soc. Paper 1149, Fairfax, VA, Jan. 2016, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20160001149.pdf. Google Scholar
[7] Yoon S., Chan W. and Pulliam T., “Computations of Torque-Balanced Coaxial Rotor Flows,” AIAA Paper 2017-0052, Jan. 2017. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0052 Link Google Scholar
[8] Yoon S., Diaz P., Boyd D., Chan W. and Theodore C., “Computational Aerodynamic Modeling of Small Quadcopter Vehicles,” AHS 73rd Annual Forum, American Helicopter Soc. Paper 15, Fairfax, VA, May 2017, https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/73_2017_0015.pdf. Google Scholar
[9] Cameron C. G., Karpatne A. and Sirohi J., “Performance of a Mach-Scale Coaxial Counter-Rotating Rotor in Hover,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 53, No. 3, 2016, pp. 746–755. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C033442 Abstract Google Scholar
[10] Feil R., Rauleder J., Cameron C. G. and Sirohi J., “Aeromechanics Analysis of a High-Advance-Ratio Lift-Offset Coaxial Rotor System,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 56, No. 1, 2019, pp. 166–178. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034748 Abstract Google Scholar
[11] Cameron C., Sirohi J., Schmaus J. and Chopra I., “Performance and Loads of a Reduced-Scale Coaxial Counterrotating Rotor,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 64, No. 4, 2019, pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4050/JAHS.64.042003 Crossref Google Scholar
[12] Lyu W. and Xu G., “Interactional Effect of Propulsive Propeller Location on Counter-Rotating Coaxial Main Rotor,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 55, No. 6, 2018, pp. 2538–2545. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C033316 Link Google Scholar
[13] Schmaus J. H. and Chopra I., “Aeromechanics of Rigid Coaxial Rotor Models for Wind-Tunnel Testing,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2017, pp. 1486–1497. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034157 Link Google Scholar
[14] Tinney C. and Valdez J., “Thrust and Acoustic Performance of Small-Scale, Coaxial, Corotating Rotors in Hover,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 58, No. 4, 2020, pp. 1657–1667. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J058489 Link Google Scholar
[15] Uehara D., Sirohi J. and Bhagwat M., “Hover Performance of Corotating and Counterrotating Coaxial Rotors,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 65, No. 1, 2020, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4050/JAHS.65.012006 Crossref Google Scholar
[16] Xu H. and Ye Z., “Coaxial Rotor Helicopter in Hover Based on Unstructured Dynamic Overset Grids,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 47, No. 5, 2010, pp. 1820–1824. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C031079 Link Google Scholar
[17] Singh P. and Friedmann P., “Application of Vortex Methods to Coaxial Rotor Wake and Load Calculations in Hover,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2018, pp. 373–381. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034520 Link Google Scholar
[18] Lakshminarayan V. and Baeder J., “Computational Investigation of Microscale Coaxial-Rotor Aerodynamics in Hover,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 47, No. 3, 2010, pp. 940–955. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.46530 Link Google Scholar
[19] Ahaus L., Makinen S., Meadowcroft T., Tadghighi H., Sankar L. and Baeder J., “Assessment of CFD/CSD Analytical Tools for Improved Rotor Loads,” AHS 71st Annual Forum, American Helicopter Soc. Paper 343, Fairfax, VA, May 2015. Google Scholar
[20] Ho J., Yeo H. and Bhagwat M., “Validation of Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis Performance Predictions for Coaxial Rotors in Hover,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 62, No. 2, 2017, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4050/JAHS.62.022005 Crossref Google Scholar
[21] Singh R., Kang H., Bhagwat M., Cameron C. and Sirohi J., “Computational and Experimental Study of Coaxial Rotor Steady and Vibratory Loads,” AIAA Paper 2016-1787, Jan. 2016. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1787 Google Scholar
[22] STAR-CCM+, Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver, Software Package, Ver. 12.06, Siemens, Plano, TX, 2019. Google Scholar
[23] Giles M., “Nonreflecting Boundary Conditions for Euler Equation Calculations,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 12, 1990, pp. 2050–2058. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.10521 Link Google Scholar
[24] Chan W., Gomez R., Rogers S. and Buning P., “Best Practices in Overset Grid Generation,” AIAA Paper 2002-3191, June 2002. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3191 Link Google Scholar
[25] Spalart P. and Allmaras S., “A One-Equation Turbulence Model for Aerodynamic Flows,” AIAA 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, AIAA Paper 1992-439, Jan. 1992. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-439 Link Google Scholar
[26] Mathur S. R. and Murthy J. Y., “A Pressure-Based Method for Unstructured Meshes,” Journal of Numerical Heat Transfer, Vol. 31, No. 2, 1997, pp. 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407799708915105 Crossref Google Scholar
[27] Lorenz R. D., Turtle E. P., Barnes J. W., Trainer M. G., Adams D. S., Hibbard K. E., Sheldon C. Z., Zacny K., Peplowski P. N., Lawrence D. J., Ravine M. A., McGee T. G., Sotzen K. S., MacKenzie S. M., Langelaan J. W., Schmitz S., Wolfarth L. S. and Bedini P. D., “Dragonfly: A Rotorcraft Lander Concept for Scientific Exploration at Titan,” Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2018, pp. 374–387. Google Scholar

Journal of Aircraft, volume 58 issue 1 cover

Volume 58, Number 1January 2021

Crossmark

Information

Copyright © 2020 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. All requests for copying and permission to reprint should be submitted to CCC at www.copyright.com; employ the eISSN 1533-3868 to initiate your request. See also AIAA Rights and Permissions www.aiaa.org/randp.

Topics

Keywords

Acknowledgments

This research effort was funded through the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to Bernardo Vieira, Adam Lavely, Amandeep Premi, Regis Thedin, and Ethan Corle, who provided much insight into the present effort.

PDF

Received18 May 2020
Accepted7 July 2020
Published online27 July 2020

Efficient Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for Coaxial Rotor Simulations in Hover

References

What's Popular

Information