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Turbulence Modeling for Leading-Edge Vortices: An Enhancement Based on Experimental Data

Matteo Moioli

Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany

*Research Engineer; .

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Christian Breitsamter

Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany

†Professor, Chief Scientist; . Associate Fellow AIAA.

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and

Kaare A. Sørensen

Airbus Defence and Space, Manching, Germany

‡Development Engineer, Aerodynamics, CFD Methods and Tools; . Member AIAA.

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Published Online:30 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J060062

Abstract

Low-aspect ratio wing planforms, such as delta wings, experience the predominance on their aerodynamic characteristics of large-scale leading-edge vortices separating around the leading edges. Due to their important application for highly maneuverable aircraft, the physical and aerodynamic understanding related to the vortex flow is of primary relevance. The investigation process is routinely performed with numerical simulations employing Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. As the vortex grows in intensity, the limitation of ordinary models reduces the accuracy grade. Scale-resolving or more complex turbulence models can increase the accuracy, but the computational cost prohibits the application to a large envelope of cases. In the context of this work, the enhancement of a one-equation eddy-viscosity model is employed. The model is improved by formulating additional vortex source terms exclusively active inside the vortex-flow region and by employing a calibration procedure that is integrated into an iterative automated process where experimental data are used as targets for optimizing the model. The accuracy is enhanced for a cluster of cases around the calibration target, and it shows the potential of the application to large datasets that include several geometric and flow condition variations.

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Volume 60, Number 3March 2022

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Copyright © 2021 by M. Moioli, C. Breitsamter, and K. A. Sørensen. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. All requests for copying and permission to reprint should be submitted to CCC at www.copyright.com; employ the eISSN 1533-385X to initiate your request. See also AIAA Rights and Permissions www.aiaa.org/randp.

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Acknowledgments

The support of this investigation by Airbus Defence and Space within the LUFO (the Federal Aviation Research Programme) v2 project Virtual Aircraft Model for the Industrial Assessment of Blended Wing Body Controllability (FKZ: 20A1504C), partially funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, is gratefully acknowledged. Moreover, the authors gratefully acknowledge the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. for funding this project by providing computing time on the GCS Supercomputer SuperMUC at Leibniz Supercomputing Center. Furthermore, the authors thank the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for providing the DLR TAU code used for the numerical investigations and research.

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Received7 November 2020
Accepted24 August 2021
Published online30 November 2021

Turbulence Modeling for Leading-Edge Vortices: An Enhancement Based on Experimental Data

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