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Wavelet-Based Characterization of Spatiospectrotemporal Structures in F404 Engine Jet Noise

Tyce W. Olaveson

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6966-2757

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602

*Doctoral Candidate, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Student Member AIAA.

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and

Kent L. Gee

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602

†Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Associate Fellow AIAA.

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Published Online:13 Aug 2024https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J063944

Abstract

Spatiospectral lobes are significant contributors to noise radiated from full-scale tactical aircraft. Prior studies have explored lobe frequency-domain characteristics, but a joint time–frequency domain analysis has the potential to further describe these phenomena and connect them to source-related events in the time waveform. This paper uses acoustical data collected from a 120-microphone array near a T-7A-installed F404 engine to characterize the spatiospectral lobes in combinations of the time, frequency, and spatial domains. An event-based beamforming method is used in conjunction with a wavelet transform to determine propagation angles and event source locations corresponding to each of the lobes. Temporospectral events in the wavelet transform are then analyzed using Markov chains. Finally, spatiospectral maps created from the measured data are decomposed into individual lobes using events in the wavelet transform as a guide. The spatiospectrotemporal combination of these three analyses shows that the lobes originate from multiple, overlapping regions along the jet lipline and that each lobe has its own peak radiation angle. Additionally, events corresponding to the spatiospectral lobes occur intermittently and at different times from each other, leading to bursts of acoustic energy with rapidly changing directivities.

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Volume 62, Number 11November 2024

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Copyright © 2024 by Tyce W. Olaveson and Kent L. Gee. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. All requests for copying and permission to reprint should be submitted to CCC at www.copyright.com; employ the eISSN 1533-385X to initiate your request. See also AIAA Rights and Permissions www.aiaa.org/randp.

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Acknowledgments

This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research grant number N00014-21-1-2069, titled “Connecting Analyses of Installed Tactical Jet Engine Noise with Simulated and Laboratory-Scale Data,” with project monitor Dr. Steven Martens (Code 351 Jet Noise Reduction). The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their helpful feedback.

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Received11 January 2024
Accepted26 June 2024
Published online13 August 2024

Wavelet-Based Characterization of Spatiospectrotemporal Structures in F404 Engine Jet Noise

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